Our last two days around County Sligo have been wonderful,
but then so has every day been so in Ireland; we are absolutely enchanted with
the place.
Yesterday morning we set off down
N4 into County Roscommon, pausing to admire the lakes we passed on their
western shores; Lough Arrow and Lough Key. We stopped on our outward trip to
snap a few photos before continuing on and turning south on the N61 through
Boyle, an attractive town that invited further exploration but we had a different
destination in mind.
Near Tulsk we were distracted by
an impressive sculpture up a side road which we subsequently discovered to be a
memorial to those of Roscommon blood who lost their lives in the Republican uprising
of 1916.
Back on the road we soon turned
eastward on the N5 for the few kilometres to Strokestown, our destination for
the day. Here is Strokestown Park House & Famine Museum, the house, an 18th
century mansion which has been restored to a state suitable for visitors.
This was the seat of the Mahon
family from its completion in 1696 for almost three hundred years. Nicholas Mahon was granted approximately six
thousand acres for his services during the Cromwellian “invasion” of the 1650s,
the land confiscated from the Gaelic O’Conor Roe family. The new settlors were
securely established by the beginning of the 18th century and a
period of relative peace began. It is interesting to note that following the
Cromwellian Plantation of the 1650s, Catholics owned approximately one tenth of
Irish land.
While many of the landed gentry
merely exploited their tenants for rental income, “improving” landlords sought
to modernise agricultural and industrial production on their estates by
encouraging tenants to modernise their holdings, adopt new, scientific, farming
methods and put their families to work in the cottage linen industry.
Incentives were provided in the form of reduced rents, loans and free
distribution of fertiliser, tools, looms and spinning wheels.
During the 18th
century, the Strokestown estate, under the management of Thomas Mahon, was
regarded as a model of good husbandry. Landlords lived in great luxury and
spent lavishly on their houses, demesnes and lifestyles. However, the massive
expenditure which the economic prosperity of the 18th century had
enables could not be sustained in the next century. By the 1840s a large
percentage of the Irish landed estates had borrowings well in excess of the
value of the property, and the popular stereotype emerged of the Irish
landlords as a rapacious, heavy-drinking, gambling class.
And it was into this already
strained circumstance, when the landholders were already trying to maximise
returns from their land by changing the tillage style of farming to a larger
scale pastoral grazing approach (similar to the “revolution” that went on with
the Scottish land holders earlier in the century that lead to the Clearances),
that the potato famine arrived.
Part of the estate, the stables,
has been turned over to the Irish National Famine Museum, opened in 1994 and
more recently renovated to include a more modern approach as is required by
museums of this technological age.
The Great Irish Famine of the
1840s was the single greatest disaster of 19th century Europe. Between
1845 and 1850, when blight devastated the potato crop, in excess of two and a
half million people, over one quarter of the entire population, either died or
emigrated.
The Famine Museum is designed to
commemorate the history of the famine and in some way balance the history of
the “Big House” which is also open to the public as part of the three way or
combined ticketing arrangement.
The story of the famine starts
with a look at pre-famine life in Ireland for those who lived in the “Big
House” and the ordinary poor. Much of the information is drawn from the Mahon
estate office archives, a unique collection of over 40,000 letters, accounts
and administrative documents. The museum is twinned with the Irish Memorial
Historic Site in Grosse Isle, in Canada’s Quebec, where 5,500 Irish emigrants
from here and close by are buried in mass graves. This is all part of the hideous
story that is revealed here, that the least work-able were “generously” given
free passage to North America, and already half starved, caught typhus on board
the ship or immediately in arrival, and perished in an absolutely ghastly
manner; all this revealed here in the museum.
Denis Mahon inherited the estate
in 1845 from his cousin, for whom he had acted as proxy for some time given the
incapacitation of that cousin, Maurice. The Strokestown estate agent, John Ross
Mahon, convinced his boss that emigration on an extensive scale was the only
way to bring the estate into order, because the maintenance of the destitute
for which the landowner were responsible through in the workhouses and other
various assistance packages that were trialled, was a lose-lose situation.
Offering a ticket to leave and a generous box of goodies to help them en route,
worked out as a far more economically viable option. And on top of that, those
that were left were more likely to be in better working order than those that
were shipped off with no genuine bill of health. Denis Mahon dug deep and
provided £4,000
for the passage of more than 1,000 Strokestown tenants. Added to these were
another large group from the Gore-Booth estate, that which spawned Constance
Markiewicz who subsequently turned against the regime that she had grown up and
became such a champion of Paddy Irish (or more particularly, Patricia Irish).
Of course there is so much more to
this story and it goes without saying that we found it all very interesting and
further evidence of the British yet again failing their Irish constituents.
One could only be buoyed to learn
that Denis Mahon was assassinated within two years of his taking over the
estate in his own name, and while many of the atrocities were conducted by his
agent and henchmen, in the end the buck has to stop somewhere and that was with
Mahon. There are several accounts of this execution, some which suggest that it
was a case of mistaken identity, but I prefer to believe that this man got his
come-up-ance.
Mahon’s daughter had been married
off well, and with her husband, Henry Pakenham Mahon, they continued their land
gathering ways. Finally the last of this Mahon line sold the property in 1979
and that is a story all by itself.
A local entrepreneur who had done
well building his car, tractor and commercial vehicle sales businesses wanted
extra land to expand. His business backed on to the Mahon estate and he and the
Pakenham Mahon survivor had not seen eye to eye for some time. When he learned
the estate was for sale he approached the vendor to ask if he could buy a small
holding; the answer came back, all or nothing. So he stuck his neck out and
bought the whole estate, the land and the house for about £400,000,
excluding contents which he has rescued through various channels over the
intervening years at exorbitant prices. Now in his very senior years, Jim Callery
admits that it was a crazy project especially since he has since had to weather
other economic storms. He opened the house to the public in 1987 and since then,
the museum, the walled gardens and a woodland walk.
The walled gardens were a
disappointment, given that we have seen so many very beautiful
examples of these over the years of our touring through these isles, however when we came upon the photos of the garden as it was before the work that was started, we appreciated better the work-in-progress state they are currently in.
examples of these over the years of our touring through these isles, however when we came upon the photos of the garden as it was before the work that was started, we appreciated better the work-in-progress state they are currently in.
The house has not been restored to any
glamour status, and is in fact a little shabby. Entry is by guided tour only
and our guide, a delightful young man who has travelled extensively doing what
he does here, gave us a highly entertaining and exaggerated spiel. We prefer
serious historical fact, with no elaboration when there are gaps, so this was
not really for us. However in the context of the museum and the rest of what
was on offer, I was glad we had taken the three-in-one ticket.
Annoyingly when we exited for lunch,
we found that we should have paid less, taking advantage of being aged,
although I guess we should be glad the other young man on the counter never
guessed that we were over that threshold of age.
The woodland walk is an opportunity
for a bit of exercise and some fresh air, and if you are in the company of wee
ones, a delightful journey through fairyland. Many of the trees have little
doors at their base, some with ladders and other paraphernalia to excite the
imagination. This has all happened through the inventiveness of a woman whose
daughter has suffered cancer for some years, and the decorations are part of a
fundraising operation.
Well satisfied with our visit,
especially given that our focus had been all about the Famine Museum, we set
off around and north to Carrick-on Shannon in County Leitrim, keen to check out
the Shannon waterway. Here like so many areas about Ireland, there are chains
and patches of lakes. Somewhere I read that the soil in County Leitrim is
exceptionally retentive of water, which accounts, with its many lakes, for a
standard joke that land in the county is sold by the gallon rather than the
acre.
Actually the same could be said for much of the country because if you examine a map of this island carefully, one has to wonder whether it is a lake of many islands, or an island of many lakes. It reminds me of the paper decorations I made with my granddaughters some years ago: we folded an A4 sheet of paper, into four, then four again, then cut into it with scissors, this way and that, then opened it up discovering a “snowflake”, which now I think of it, closely resembles this Ireland in its entirety. A quick question to Google suggested there are more than 12,000 loughs; this I can believe.
Actually the same could be said for much of the country because if you examine a map of this island carefully, one has to wonder whether it is a lake of many islands, or an island of many lakes. It reminds me of the paper decorations I made with my granddaughters some years ago: we folded an A4 sheet of paper, into four, then four again, then cut into it with scissors, this way and that, then opened it up discovering a “snowflake”, which now I think of it, closely resembles this Ireland in its entirety. A quick question to Google suggested there are more than 12,000 loughs; this I can believe.
Here at Carrick-on-Shannon, we learned
that that goods transportation on the river ended after one hundred and sixty
years in 1959 when a barge made its final delivery of twenty tons of flour from
Limerick to this spot.
We parked up by the marina and spent
nearly an hour walking along the river, checking out the boats and remarking
that most of the watercraft were either motorboats or adapted barges rather
than narrow boats, of which in fact there were none. We thought it a rather
charming spot however the afternoon was moving on and we still had far to go.
With that we set out Tomtom for home and headed directly back along the N4
until we reached the turnoff for Strandhill. En route we did pull into the
lookout near Lough Key near Boyle to check the rather impressive equestrian
statue out, that named The Gaelic
Chieftain inspired by the Battle of the Curlews fought in 1599.
Much later in the evening, far later
than we would normally venture out for dinner, we walked up to The Venue at the
top of the village, and partook of an excellent dinner. The food was superb,
the service equally so and our position beside the large windows looking out
over Sligo Bay could not have been bettered. We lingered over the meal, our
bottle of wine, the coffee and a carafe of water, then finally moved into the bar
to listen to some traditional Irish music, the whole point of the exercise
given that we had only recently splurged out for a restaurant meal.
The singer accompanied on his guitar,
Kevin McManus, was very talented, but sang country numbers, including a few
John Denver hits with an couple of Elton John compositions thrown in. Alas this
was not what we had expected. We hung about for three quarters of an hour, one
of three couples seemingly doing the same, in the company of another six portly
middle aged regulars holding up the bar, who might once upon a time have been
rockers.
We walked home in the dark, heels
clattering on the pavement, a few lights shining through the curtained windows
and arrived home safely far way beyond my normal bedtime.
This is the Ceida (pronounced cage-a) Coast, a bog land where Stone Age settlement has been revealed beneath the metres of bog land. Here there is a visitor centre built in the early 1990s, inserted into the landscape with a viewing platform perched on high. The structure won several architectural awards subsequent to its opening and I have to say it fits into the landscape very well. But today the winds were ferocious, and we chose to remain in the centre rather than venture out onto the fields, where one can either take a guided tour or make one’s way around oneself. Had the weather been better, it might have been interesting to search for the plants growing along the surface, and of course the views out across to the sea cliffs are spectacular, with the added wonder of the high rocky stack standing a little off the shore edge.
The bog over Ceide Fields has preserved
the landscape as it was when it was first farmed five thousand years ago.
Excavations in the tomb and enclosure show both by objects discovered ad by
radiocarbon estimates that it dates back that far. The survey of the field
walls where the bog has been cut away showed an intact structured landscape.
Probing extended the fields tenfold to give the one thousand hectare monument
which makes it by far the most extensive Stone Age monument in the world.
The archaeologists have arrived at the
following conclusions from the evidence here:
- · That it was an organised community capable of carrying out well planned projects.
- · That it was a large community able to clear massive tracts of forest and then divide up the entire area by building a quarter of a million tons of stone into mile after mile of walls.
- · That it put a lot of effort into building permanent “houses of the dead” which suggest the people had strong spiritual beliefs.
- · That it had a mainly pastoral economy with the fields used for year round grazing of cattle.
This really is a most fascinating
place and we were delighted we had bothered calling even if we only took
advantage of the static displays in the “museum” and the film which is run
every half hour.
We continued on west from here, delighting
in the landscape, the heather covered bog amazingly grazed by pockets of sheep
and cattle, who all obviously know the safe trails about the landscape. Human
habitation is sparse, as you would expect, although dense enough to warrant a
school at Falagh near Carrowmore Lake. Here we took a short cut south back to
the N59 and headed back east toward Ballina.
We had considered crossing the Ox Mountains east of Ballina, however by now the weather had closed in and we saw little point in climbing high into the cloud. Instead we took the coastal route along the R297 past Enniscrone and Easky, and on back home.
After unpacking the day’s bits and
pieces, I headed across to the reception area for the last time and posted
photos to my Facebook page and picked up emails. I only hope that I am able to
access my own O2 internet tomorrow when we settle into our camp in Northern
Ireland.